home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=90TT2948>
- <link 90TT0853>
- <link 89TT2400>
- <title>
- Nov. 05, 1990: Assault In The Amazon
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Nov. 05, 1990 Reagan Memoirs
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ENVIRONMENT, Page 100
- Assault In the Amazon
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Brazil tries to drive gold miners from the rain-forest home of
- the Stone Age Yanomami tribe
- </p>
- <p>By Andrea Dorfman--Reported by John Maier, Jr./Boa Vista
- </p>
- <p> They swept through a remote northern stretch of the Amazon
- rain forest on a mission to rescue one of South America's most
- primitive peoples. Swooping over the jungle canopy in
- helicopters and small planes, 80 Brazilian troops and
- government officials have spent the past three weeks dynamiting
- airstrips used by thousands of garimpeiros, or prospectors.
- Lured to the Brazil-Venezuela border by one of the world's
- richest deposits of gold, the garimpeiros have not only damaged
- a precious patch of rain forest but have also threatened the
- survival of the Yanomami, the Amazon's largest Stone Age tribe.
- </p>
- <p> This marks the government's second major effort to force
- miners off Yanomami lands. In May troops blew up 14 landing
- strips and drove out all but 8,000 of the 40,000 invaders. No
- sooner had the soldiers left, however, than the garimpeiros
- returned and rebuilt some of the airstrips. Says Joao Carlos
- Nicolli, regional administrator of the federal Indian agency:
- "The big gold lords weren't touched in the first operation. It
- was a show for the foreigners." He thinks the government is
- more serious this time. One sign: troops destroyed an airstrip
- belonging to Jose Altino Machado, a prominent garimpeiro
- leader. Officials say they hope to eliminate 48 landing sites
- by December.
- </p>
- <p> Isolated from outsiders until the early 1900s, some 24,000
- Yanomami still dwell in Brazil and Venezuela. They live in
- doughnut-shaped communal homes, have no written language, wear
- no clothes, use rudimentary tools and subsist by hunting,
- fishing and cultivating a variety of crops, including sweet
- potatoes and bananas.
- </p>
- <p> The gold rush, which began in 1987, has been devastating.
- The garimpeiros have denuded large tracts of forest, poisoned
- rivers with mercury and introduced numerous diseases. Since the
- miners' arrival, more than 1,500 of the 10,000 Brazilian
- Yanomami have died. Most succumbed to malaria, tuberculosis and
- venereal disease, as well as malnutrition brought on by a
- dwindling supply of fish and game. "They gave us rice and
- wheat, but then we got sick," says a Yanomami named Saba, who
- is recuperating from tuberculosis. "They pretended to be our
- friends, but they are killing us."
- </p>
- <p> The government's assault on the miners seems to be working.
- Since May, gold production in the area has dropped almost 70%,
- and many local dealers have closed their operations. Moreover,
- the Yanomami are starting to regain their health. In Paapiu
- village, for example, where the malaria infection rate surged
- from zero to 90% after the garimpeiros came, only 10% of the
- Indians are now affected.
- </p>
- <p> But their long-term prospects are still clouded. Some of the
- evicted miners are setting up shop on Yanomami land in
- Venezuela. The Yanomami can only hope that both Venezuela and
- Brazil will follow through on their promises to preserve the
- Indians' land in protected parks.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-